diff --git a/Vector3.cpp b/Vector3.cpp
index 7ec6a95..8893df4 100644
--- a/Vector3.cpp
+++ b/Vector3.cpp
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #include "Vector3.h"
 #include "Angle.h"
 #include "Spherical.h"
+//#include "TypeTraits.h"
 
 #include <math.h>
 
@@ -160,8 +161,7 @@ float Vector3::Distance(const Vector3& v1, const Vector3& v2) {
 }
 
 Vector3 Vector3::Cross(const Vector3& v1, const Vector3& v2) {
-  return Vector3(v1.y * v2.z - v1.z * v2.y, v1.z * v2.x - v1.x * v2.z,
-                 v1.x * v2.y - v1.y * v2.x);
+  return Vector3(v1.y * v2.z - v1.z * v2.y, v1.z * v2.x - v1.x * v2.z, v1.x * v2.y - v1.y * v2.x);
 }
 
 Vector3 Vector3::Project(const Vector3& v, const Vector3& n) {
@@ -194,17 +194,14 @@ AngleOf<float> Vector3::Angle(const Vector3& v1, const Vector3& v2) {
   float dot = Vector3::Dot(v1, v2);
   float fraction = dot / denominator;
   if (isnan(fraction))
-    return AngleOf<float>::Degrees(
-        fraction);  // short cut to returning NaN universally
+    return AngleOf<float>::Degrees(fraction);  // short cut to returning NaN universally
 
   float cdot = clamp(fraction, -1.0, 1.0);
   float r = ((float)acos(cdot));
   return AngleOf<float>::Radians(r);
 }
 
-AngleOf<float> Vector3::SignedAngle(const Vector3& v1,
-                                    const Vector3& v2,
-                                    const Vector3& axis) {
+AngleOf<float> Vector3::SignedAngle(const Vector3& v1, const Vector3& v2, const Vector3& axis) {
   // angle in [0,180]
   AngleOf<float> angle = Vector3::Angle(v1, v2);
 
@@ -222,3 +219,169 @@ Vector3 Vector3::Lerp(const Vector3& v1, const Vector3& v2, float f) {
   Vector3 v = v1 + (v2 - v1) * f;
   return v;
 }
+
+#pragma region Vector3Of
+
+namespace LinearAlgebra {
+
+template <typename T>
+Vector3Of<T>::Vector3Of() {}
+
+template <typename T>
+Vector3Of<T>::Vector3Of(T horizontal, T vertical, T depth)
+    : horizontal(horizontal), vertical(vertical), depth(depth) {}
+
+template <typename T>
+Vector3Of<T>::Vector3Of(Vector2Of<T> v) : horizontal(v.horizontal), vertical(v.vertical) {}
+
+template <typename T>
+Vector3Of<T>::Vector3Of(SphericalOf<T> v) {
+  float cosVertical = Angle::Cos(v.direction.vertical);
+  float sinVertical = Angle::Sin(v.direction.vertical);
+  float cosHorizontal = Angle::Cos(v.direction.horizontal);
+  float sinHorizontal = Angle::Sin(v.direction.horizontal);
+
+  horizontal = v.distance * sinVertical * sinHorizontal;
+  vertical = v.distance * cosVertical;
+  depth = v.distance * sinVertical * cosHorizontal;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+Vector3Of<T>::Vector3Of(Vector3 v) : horizontal(v.x), vertical(v.y), depth(v.z) {}
+
+template <typename T>
+Vector3 Vector3Of<T>::ToVector3() {
+  return Vector3(this->horizontal, this->vertical, this->depth);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+Vector3Of<T>::~Vector3Of() {}
+
+template <typename T>
+const Vector3Of<T> Vector3Of<T>::zero = Vector3Of(T{}, T{}, T{});
+
+template <>
+const Vector3Of<int> Vector3Of<int>::unit = Vector3Of<int>(1, 1, 1);
+template <>
+const Vector3Of<float> Vector3Of<float>::unit = Vector3Of<float>(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
+template <>
+const Vector3Of<double> Vector3Of<double>::unit = Vector3Of<double>(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
+
+// template <typename T>
+// const Vector3Of<T> Vector3Of<T>::unit =
+//     Vector3Of(TypeTraits<T>::unit(), TypeTraits<T>::unit(), TypeTraits<T>::unit());
+// const Vector3Of Vector3Of::right = Vector3Of(1, 0, 0);
+// const Vector3Of Vector3Of::left = Vector3Of(-1, 0, 0);
+// const Vector3Of Vector3Of::up = Vector3Of(0, 1, 0);
+// const Vector3Of Vector3Of::down = Vector3Of(0, -1, 0);
+// const Vector3Of Vector3Of::forward = Vector3Of(0, 0, 1);
+// const Vector3Of Vector3Of::back = Vector3Of(0, 0, -1);
+
+template <typename T>
+T Vector3Of<T>::MagnitudeOf(const Vector3Of& v) {
+  return sqrtf(v.horizontal * v.horizontal + v.vertical * v.vertical + v.depth * v.depth);
+}
+template <typename T>
+T Vector3Of<T>::Magnitude() const {
+  return (T)sqrtf(this->horizontal * this->horizontal + this->vertical * this->vertical +
+                  this->depth * this->depth);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+float Vector3Of<T>::SqrMagnitudeOf(const Vector3Of& v) {
+  return v.horizontal * v.horizontal + v.vertical * v.vertical + v.depth * v.depth;
+}
+template <typename T>
+float Vector3Of<T>::SqrMagnitude() const {
+  return (horizontal * horizontal + vertical * vertical + depth * depth);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+Vector3Of<T> Vector3Of<T>::Normalize(const Vector3Of& v) {
+  float num = Vector3Of<T>::MagnitudeOf(v);
+  Vector3Of<T> result = Vector3Of<T>::zero;
+  if (num > epsilon) {
+    result = v / num;
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+Vector3Of<T> Vector3Of<T>::Normalized() const {
+  float num = this->Magnitude();
+  Vector3Of<T> result = Vector3Of<T>::zero;
+  if (num > epsilon) {
+    result = ((Vector3Of<T>) * this) / num;
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+template <typename T>
+Vector3Of<T> Vector3Of<T>::operator-(const Vector3Of& v) const {
+  return Vector3(this->horizontal - v.horizontal, this->vertical - v.vertical,
+                 this->depth - v.depth);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+Vector3Of<T> Vector3Of<T>::operator-=(const Vector3Of& v) {
+  this->horizontal -= v.horizontal;
+  this->vertical -= v.vertical;
+  this->depth -= v.depth;
+  return *this;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+Vector3Of<T> Vector3Of<T>::operator+(const Vector3Of& v) const {
+  return Vector3(this->horizontal + v.horizontal, this->vertical + v.vertical,
+                 this->depth + v.depth);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+Vector3Of<T> Vector3Of<T>::operator+=(const Vector3Of& v) {
+  this->horizontal += v.horizontal;
+  this->vertical += v.vertical;
+  this->depth += v.depth;
+  return *this;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+Vector3Of<T> Vector3Of<T>::operator*=(float f) {
+  this->horizontal *= f;
+  this->vertical *= f;
+  this->depth *= f;
+  return *this;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+Vector3Of<T> Vector3Of<T>::operator/=(float f) {
+  this->horizontal /= f;
+  this->vertical /= f;
+  this->depth /= f;
+  return *this;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+float Vector3Of<T>::Dot(const Vector3Of& v1, const Vector3Of& v2) {
+  return v1.horizontal * v2.horizontal + v1.vertical * v2.vertical + v1.depth * v2.depth;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+AngleOf<float> Vector3Of<T>::Angle(const Vector3Of& v1, const Vector3Of& v2) {
+  float denominator = sqrtf(v1.SqrMagnitude() * v2.SqrMagnitude());
+  if (denominator < epsilon)
+    return AngleOf<float>();
+
+  float dot = Vector3Of::Dot(v1, v2);
+  float fraction = dot / denominator;
+  if (isnan(fraction))
+    return AngleOf<float>::Degrees(fraction);  // short cut to returning NaN universally
+
+  float cdot = clamp(fraction, -1.0, 1.0);
+  float r = ((float)acos(cdot));
+  return AngleOf<float>::Radians(r);
+}
+
+template class Vector3Of<float>;
+
+}  // namespace LinearAlgebra
+
+#pragma endregion Vector3Of
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Vector3.h b/Vector3.h
index 914d72a..b94fa0d 100644
--- a/Vector3.h
+++ b/Vector3.h
@@ -146,9 +146,7 @@ struct Vector3 : Vec3 {
   /// @return The scaled vector
   /// @remark Each component of the vector will be multipled with the same
   /// factor f.
-  friend Vector3 operator*(const Vector3& v, float f) {
-    return Vector3(v.x * f, v.y * f, v.z * f);
-  }
+  friend Vector3 operator*(const Vector3& v, float f) { return Vector3(v.x * f, v.y * f, v.z * f); }
   friend Vector3 operator*(float f, const Vector3& v) {
     // return Vector3(f * v.x, f * v.y, f * v.z);
     return Vector3(v.x * f, v.y * f, v.z * f);
@@ -158,9 +156,7 @@ struct Vector3 : Vec3 {
   /// @param f The scaling factor
   /// @return The scaled vector
   /// @remark Each componet of the vector will be divided by the same factor.
-  friend Vector3 operator/(const Vector3& v, float f) {
-    return Vector3(v.x / f, v.y / f, v.z / f);
-  }
+  friend Vector3 operator/(const Vector3& v, float f) { return Vector3(v.x / f, v.y / f, v.z / f); }
   friend Vector3 operator/(float f, const Vector3& v) {
     // return Vector3(f / v.x, f / v.y, f / v.z);
     return Vector3(v.x / f, v.y / f, v.z / f);
@@ -210,9 +206,7 @@ struct Vector3 : Vec3 {
   /// @param v2 The ending vector
   /// @param axis The axis to rotate around
   /// @return The signed angle between the two vectors
-  static AngleOf<float> SignedAngle(const Vector3& v1,
-                                    const Vector3& v2,
-                                    const Vector3& axis);
+  static AngleOf<float> SignedAngle(const Vector3& v1, const Vector3& v2, const Vector3& axis);
 
   /// @brief Lerp (linear interpolation) between two vectors
   /// @param v1 The starting vector
@@ -225,8 +219,139 @@ struct Vector3 : Vec3 {
   static Vector3 Lerp(const Vector3& v1, const Vector3& v2, float f);
 };
 
+/// @brief A 3-dimensional vector
+/// @remark This uses a right-handed carthesian coordinate system.
+/// @remark No default unit (for instance, meters) is specified
+/// @note This implementation intentionally avoids the use of x, y and z values.
+/// @tparam T The type of the paramters used to measure distance. Typical values are float and int
+template <typename T>
+class Vector3Of {
+ public:
+  /// @brief The distance in the horizontal direction, left = negative, right = positive
+  T horizontal = T{};
+  /// @brief The distance in the vertical direction, down = negative, up = positive
+  T vertical = T{};
+  /// @brief The distance in the depth direction, backward = negative, forward = positive
+  T depth = T{};
+
+  /// @brief A new 3-dimensional zero vector
+  Vector3Of();
+  /// @brief  A new 3-dimensional vector
+  /// @param horizontal The distance in the horizontal direction, left = negative, right =
+  /// positive
+  /// @param vertical The distance in the vertical direction, down = negative, up =
+  /// positive
+  /// @param depth  The distance in the depth direction, backward = negative, forward =
+  /// positive
+  Vector3Of(T horizontal, T vertical, T depth);
+  Vector3Of(Vector2Of<T> v);
+  Vector3Of(SphericalOf<T> v);
+  Vector3Of(Vector3 v);
+
+  Vector3 ToVector3();
+
+  /// @brief Vector3 destructor
+  ~Vector3Of();
+
+  /// @brief A vector with zero for all axis
+  const static Vector3Of zero;
+  /// @brief A vector with unit for all axis
+  const static Vector3Of unit;
+  // const Vector3Of<int> Vector3Of<int>::unit(1, 1, 1); // Hardcoded unit vector for int
+  // const Vector3Of<float> Vector3Of<float>::unit(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); // Hardcoded unit vector for
+  // float
+
+  /// @brief The vector length
+  /// @param v The vector for which you need the length
+  /// @return The vector length
+  static T MagnitudeOf(const Vector3Of& v);
+
+  /// @brief The vector length
+  /// @return The vector length
+  T Magnitude() const;
+
+  /// @brief The squared vector length
+  /// @param v The vector for which you need the length
+  /// @return The squared vector length
+  /// @remark The squared length is computationally simpler than the real
+  /// length. Think of Pythagoras A^2 + B^2 = C^2. This leaves out the
+  /// calculation of the squared root of C.
+  static float SqrMagnitudeOf(const Vector3Of& v);
+  /// @brief The squared vector length
+  /// @return The squared vector length
+  /// @remark The squared length is computationally simpler than the real
+  /// length. Think of Pythagoras A^2 + B^2 = C^2. This leaves out the
+  /// calculation of the squared root of C.
+  float SqrMagnitude() const;
+
+  /// @brief Convert the vector to a length of 1
+  /// @param v The vector to convert
+  /// @return The vector normalized to a length of 1
+  static Vector3Of<T> Normalize(const Vector3Of& v);
+  /// @brief Convert the vector to a length of 1
+  /// @return The vector normalized to a length of 1
+  Vector3Of<T> Normalized() const;
+
+  /// @brief Subtract a vector from this vector
+  /// @param v The vector to subtract from this vector
+  /// @return The result of this subtraction
+  Vector3Of<T> operator-(const Vector3Of& v) const;
+  Vector3Of<T> operator-=(const Vector3Of& v);
+
+  /// @brief Add a vector to this vector
+  /// @param v The vector to add to this vector
+  /// @return The result of the addition
+  Vector3Of<T> operator+(const Vector3Of& v) const;
+  Vector3Of<T> operator+=(const Vector3Of& v);
+
+  /// @brief Scale the vector uniformly up
+  /// @param f The scaling factor
+  /// @return The scaled vector
+  /// @remark Each component of the vector will be multipled with the same
+  /// factor f.
+  friend Vector3Of<T> operator*(const Vector3Of& v, float f) {
+    return Vector3Of<T>(v.horizontal * f, v.vertical * f, v.depth * f);
+  }
+  friend Vector3Of<T> operator*(float f, const Vector3Of& v) {
+    return Vector3Of<T>(f * v.horizontal, f * v.vertical, f * v.depth);
+//    return Vector3Of<T>(v.horizontal * f, v.vertical * f, v.depth * f);
+  }
+  Vector3Of<T> operator*=(float f);
+
+  /// @brief Scale the vector uniformly down
+  /// @param f The scaling factor
+  /// @return The scaled vector
+  /// @remark Each componet of the vector will be divided by the same factor.
+  friend Vector3Of<T> operator/(const Vector3Of& v, float f) {
+    return Vector3Of<T>(v.horizontal / f, v.vertical / f, v.depth / f);
+  }
+  friend Vector3Of<T> operator/(float f, const Vector3Of& v) {
+    return Vector3Of<T>(f / v.horizontal, f / v.vertical, f / v.depth);
+//    return Vector3Of<T>(v.horizontal / f, v.vertical / f, v.depth / f);
+  }
+  Vector3Of<T> operator/=(float f);
+
+  /// @brief The dot product of two vectors
+  /// @param v1 The first vector
+  /// @param v2 The second vector
+  /// @return The dot product of the two vectors
+  static float Dot(const Vector3Of& v1, const Vector3Of& v2);
+
+  /// @brief The angle between two vectors
+  /// @param v1 The first vector
+  /// @param v2 The second vector
+  /// @return The angle between the two vectors
+  /// @remark This reterns an unsigned angle which is the shortest distance
+  /// between the two vectors. Use Vector3::SignedAngle if a signed angle is
+  /// needed.
+  static AngleOf<float> Angle(const Vector3Of& v1, const Vector3Of& v2);
+};
+
+using Vector3Int = Vector3Of<int>;
+using Vector3Float = Vector3Of<float>;
+
 }  // namespace LinearAlgebra
-using namespace LinearAlgebra;
+// using namespace LinearAlgebra;
 
 #include "Spherical.h"